Process emissions are an important component of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions that are released during the production and processing of goods. These emissions come from industrial chemical and physical processes and are emitted into the atmosphere. Precursors and raw sources used in the industrial processes are the primary sources of these emissions.

These emissions can have a significant impact on the environment and contribute to climate change. They can come from various sources, and these types of emissions are sector-specific. Process emissions are a significant contributor to global warming and climate change, and understanding and managing them are crucial steps towards achieving emission reduction targets.

It is important to carefully consider strategies for reducing them. This might include improving the efficiency of industrial processes, switching to cleaner energy sources, or developing technologies that capture and store GHGs before they are released into the atmosphere. By taking action to reduce process emissions, we can help to mitigate the impact of climate change and create a future that is more sustainable for both present and future generations.

Sources of Process Emissions in Industrial Processes:

Chemical Reactions: Various chemical reactions in industrial processes can result in the release of GHGs. For example, the production of cement involves the calcination of limestone, which releases CO2. Chemical processes like the production of chemicals, fertilizers, and plastics can also produce emissions of GHGs as byproducts.

Industrial Manufacturing: Certain industrial manufacturing processes generate emissions. Few precursors contain GHG gasses and get released during the process. For instance, the production of aluminum involves the emission of fluorinated gases, which have high global warming potentials.

Industrial Waste Management: Improper management of industrial waste, such as landfills and wastewater treatment, can contribute to process emissions. One strong greenhouse gas produced by the anaerobic breakdown of organic waste in landfills is methane. Additionally, certain industrial wastewater treatment processes can release GHGs like CH4 and N2O.

Industrial Solvent Use: Industrial processes that utilize solvents, such as painting, printing, and cleaning operations, can result in emissions of GHG.

Agriculture and Livestock: Although not directly related to industrial processes, agricultural activities, including livestock production and rice cultivation, can emit significant amounts of CH4 and N2O. These emissions contribute to overall process emissions.

Emission Calculation: The amount of gases trapped in the precursors and raw materials utilized in the processes determines the calculated concentration of emissions. During industrial processing, these GHG gases are released into the atmosphere. Two approaches can be used to calculate the emission.

Continuous emission monitoring: Continuous Emission Monitoring (CEM) refers to the continuous measurement and recording of pollutants released into the air from industrial sources. This process is essential for environmental monitoring, regulatory compliance, and assessing the impact of industrial activities on air quality. CEM systems are commonly used in industries such as power plants, refineries, chemical manufacturing, and other facilities that emit pollutants.

Material-balanced method: Material-balance method is often applied to analyze the flow and distribution of substances within natural systems, such as ecosystems, water bodies, and soil. The objective is to understand how different materials, pollutants, or nutrients move through and interact within the environment. This method helps researchers and environmental scientists assess the impact of human activities, study nutrient cycles, and evaluate the fate and transport of pollutants.